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Zoology – Optional (Main Examination)
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Paper-1
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Section-A
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1.
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Non-chordata
and chordata :
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(a)
Classfication and relationship of varous phyla upto sub-classes;
Acoelomata and Coelomata; Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateralia and
Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora and Hemichordata;
Symmetry.
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(b)
Protozoa : Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction; evolution of sex;
General features and life history of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium,
and Leishmania.
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(c)
Porifera : Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.
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(d)
Coelenterata : Polymorphism, defensive structures and their
mechanism; coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features
and life history of Obelia and Aurelia.
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(e)
Platyhelminthes : Parasitic adaptation; general features and life
history of Fasciola and Taenia and their relation to man.
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(f)
Nemathelminthes : General features, life history and parasitic
adaptation of Ascaris; nemathelminths in relation to man.
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(g)
Annelida : Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes;
general features and life history of nereis (Neanthes), earthworm (Pheretima)
and leach (Hirudinaria).
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(h)
Arthropoda : Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision and
respiration in arthropods (prawn, cockroach and scorpion); modification of
mouth parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly, honey bee and
butterfly); metamorphosis in insects and its hormonal regulation; social
organization in insects (termites and honey bees).
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(i)
Mollusca : Feeding, respiration, locomotion, shell diversiy;
general features and life history of Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion
and detorsion in gastropods.
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(j)
Echinodermata : Feeding, respiration, locomotion larval forms;
general features and life history of Asterias.
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(k)
Protochordata : Origin of chordates; general features and life
history of Branchiostoma and Herdamania.
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(l)
Pisces : Scales, respiration, locomotion, migration.
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(m)
Amphibia : Origin of tetrapods; parental care, paedomorphosis.
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(n)
Reptilia : Origin of reptiles; skull types; status of Sphenodon and
crocidiles.
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(o)
Aves : Origin of birds; flight adaptation, migration.
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(p)
Mammalia : Origin of mammals; denitition; general features of
egg-laying mammals, pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals and primates;
endocrine glands and other hormone producing structures (pituitary,
thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) and their
interrelationships.
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(q)
Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates
(integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs,
digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system including heart
and aortic arches; urino-genital system, brain and sense organs (eye and
ear).
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Section-
B
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I.
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Ecology
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(a)
Biosphere:Biogeochemical cycles, green-houses effect, ozone layer and its
impact; ecological succession, biomes and ecotones.
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(b)
Population, characteristics, population dynamics, population
stabilization.
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(c)
Conservation of natural resources- mineral mining, fisheries, aquaculture;
forestry; grassland; wildlife (Project Tiger); susainable production in
agriculture-integrated pest management.
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(d)
Environmental biodegradation; pollution and its impact on biosphere and
its prevention.
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II.
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Ethology
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(a)
Behaviour : Sensory filtering, responsiveness, sign stimuli, learning,
instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting.
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(b)
Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading; crypsis,
predator detection, predator tactics, social behaviour in insects and
primates; courtship (Drosophila, 3-spine stickleback and birds).
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(c)
Orientation, navigation, homing; biological rhythms; biological clock,
tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms.
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(d)
Methods of studying animal behaviour.
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III.
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Economic
Zoology :
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(a)
Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn
culture.
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(b)
Major infectious and communicable diseases (small pox, plague, malaria,
tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens and prevention.
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(c)
Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogens (helminths) and vectors
(ticks, mites,Tabanus, Stomoxys)
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(d)
Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella), oil seed (Achaea janata) and
rice (Sitophilus oryzae).
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IV.
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Biostatistics
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Designing of
experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression, distribution and
measure of central tendency, chi square, student t-test, F-test (one-way
& two-way F-test).
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V.
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Instrumental
methods :
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(a)
Spectrophotometry, flame photometry, Geiger-Muller counter, scintiliation
counting.
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(b)
Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).
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Paper-II
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Section-A
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I.
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Cell
Biology :
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(a)
Structure and function of cell andits organelles(nucleus, plasma membrane,
mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes and Iysosomes),
cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitotic spindle and mitotic
apparatus, chromosome movement.
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(b)
Watson-Crick model of DNA, replication of DNA, protein synthesis,
transcription and transcription factors.
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Genetics
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a)
Gene structure and functions; genetic code.
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(b)
Sex chromosomes and sex determination in Drosophilla, nematodes and man.
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(c)
Mendel's laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, linkage-maps,
multiple alleles, cistron concept; genetics of blood groups.
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(d)
Mutations and mutagenesis : radiation and chemical.
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(e)
Cloning technology, plasmids and cosmids as vectors, transgenics,
transposons, DNA sequence cloning and whole animal cloning (Principles and
methodology).
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(f)
Regulation and gene expression in pro-and eu-karyotes.
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(g)
Signal transduction; pedigree-analysis; congenital diseases in man.
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(h)
Human genome mapping; DNA finger-printing.
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III.
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Evolution
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(a)
Origin of life
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(b)
Natural selection, role of mutation in evolution, mimicry, variation,
isolation, speciation.
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(c)
Fossils and fossilization; evolution of horse, elephant and man.
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(d)
Hardy-Weinberg Law, causes of change in gene frequency.
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(e)
Continental drift and distribution of animals.
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IV.
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Systematics
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(a) Zoological
nomenclature; international code; cladistics.
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Section-B
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I.
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Biochemistry
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(a)
Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, lipids, proteins, aminoacids,
nucleic acids; saturated and unsaturated fattyacids, cholesterol.
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(b)
Glycolysis and Krebs cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative
phosphorylation; energy conservation and release, ATP, cyclic AMP-its
structure and role.
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(c)
Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesis and
function.
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(d)
Enzymes : types and mechanisms of action; immunoglobulin and immunity;
vitamins and co-enzymes.
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(e)
Bioenergetics.
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II
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Physiology
(with special refernece ot mammals)
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(a)
Composition and constitutents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor in man;
coagulation, factors and mechanism of coagulation; acid-base balance,
thermo regulation.
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(b)
Oxygen and carbon dioxide transport; haemoglobin : constitutents and role
in regulation.
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(c)
Nutritive requirements; role of salivary glands, liver, pancreas and
intestinal glands in digestion and absorption.
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(d)
Excretory products; nephron and regulation of urine formation;
osmoregulation.
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(e)
Types of muscles, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles.
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(f)
Neuron, nerve impulse-its conduction and synaptic transmission;
neurotransmitters.
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(g)
Vision, hearing and olfaction in man.
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(h)
Mechanism of hormone action.
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(i)
Physiology of reproduction, role of hormones and phermones.
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III.
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Developmental
Biology
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(a)
Differentiation from gamete to neurula stage; dedifferentiation;
metaplasia, induction, morphogenesis and morphogen; fate maps of gastrulae
in frog and chick; organogenesis of eye and heart, placenation in mammals.
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(b)
Role of cytoplasm in and genetic control of development; cell lineage;
causation of metamorphosis in frog and insects; paedogenesia and neoteny;
growth, degrowth and cell death; ageing; blastogenesis; regeneration;
teratogenesis; neoplasia.
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(c)
Invasiveness of placenta; in vitro fertilization; embryo transfer,
cloning.
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(d)
Baer's law; evo-devo concept.
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