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Geography- Optional(Preliminary Examination)
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Section-A
Physical Geography
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| i)
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Geomorphology
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Origin of
the earth; Geological Time Scale; Interior of the earth; Types and
characteristics of rocks; Folding and Faulting; Volcanoes; Earthquakes;
Weathering; Landforms caused by fluvial, aeolian and glacial actions.
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| ii)
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Climatology
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Structure
and composition of atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure belts and Wind
systems; Clouds and rainfall types; Cyclones and anti-cyclones; Major
climatic types.
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| iii)
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Oceanography
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Ocean
relief; Temperature; Salinity; Ocean deposits; Ocean currents, El Nino and
La Nino; Waves and tides.
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| iv)
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Biogeography
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Origin and
types of soils; Major biomes of the world; Ecosystem and food chain;
Environmental degradation and conservation.
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Section-B
Human Geography
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| i)
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Man and Environment Relationship
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Growth and
development of Human Geography; Concepts of Determinism and Possibilism.
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| ii)
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Population
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Races of
mankind and tribes; growth and distribution of world population;
migration; population problems of developed and developing countries.
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| iii)
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Economic Activities
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Food
gathering and hunting; pastoral herding; fishing and forestry; Types of
agriculture-shifting, subsistence, commercial and plantation; Mining,
Power; Manufacturing -locational factors of textile, iron and steel, sugar
and fertilizer industries; Tertiary activities-trade, transport,
communication and services.
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| iv)
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Settlements
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Origin,
types and patterns of rural settlements; Processes of urbanisation;
morphology and functional classification of towns; million-cities and
mega-cities.
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Section-C
Geography of the World
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| i)
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Major Natural Regions :
Characteristics, economic base and human adaptation.
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ii)
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Regional
Geography of Developed Countries :
Canada
,
U.S.A.
,
Western Europe
,
Russia
,
Japan
,
Australia
and
New Zealand
.
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| iii)
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Regional Geography of Developing
Countries : S.E. Asia, S.W. Asia,
China
, Southern Africa and
Brazil
.
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| iv)
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Regional Geography of
South Asia
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Section-D
Geography of
India
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| i)
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Physical Setting
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Landforms, drainage, climate, soils and
natural vegetation.
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| ii)
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Economic Base
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Minerals
& energy resources, aquatic resources, forest resources; irrigation,
agriculture and industries; trade and commerce.
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| iii)
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Population
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Growth, distribution and density;
demographic characteristics.
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| iv)
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Environmental problems,
developmental issues and regional planning.
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Section-E
Geographical Thought
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| i)
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Ancient Period :
Contributions
of Indians, Greeks, Romans and Arabs.
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| ii)
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Pre-Modern Period :
Contribution
of Verenius, Kant, Humboldt and Ritter.
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iii)
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Modern Period : Dichotomy of determinism and possibilism;
contributions of Ratzel, Semple, Huntington and La Blache.
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| iv)
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Recent Period :
Quantitive
Revolution; Radicalism, Behaviouralism and Humanism.
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Section-F
Techniques of Geographical Analysis
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| i)
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Maps : Scale and types, uses.
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| ii)
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Diagrams : Types and uses
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| iii)
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Projections :
Types,
characteristics and uses.
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| iv)
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Remote sensing and geographical
information system (GIS) : Aerial photographs and imagery, GIS.
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