|
|
|
|
|
BOTANY –
Optional (Preliminary Examination)
|
|
1.
|
Cell
Biology : Structure and function of cell wall (extracellular matrix or
ECM), cell membrane and cell organelles. Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore
complex (NPC), chromosome and nucleosome. Mitosis, meiosis, molecular
control involving checkpoints in cell division cycle. Differentiation,
cellular senescence.
|
|
2.
|
Genetics,
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology : Laws of inheritance. Concept of
gene and allelomorph. Linkage, crossing over and gene mapping. Structural
and numerical changes in chromosomes and gene mutations. Sex determination
and differentiation. Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and
proteins. Genetic code. Regulation of gene expression. Genetic engineering
and crop improvement. Protoplast, cell, tissue and organ cultures. Somatic
hybridization. Biofertilizers and biopesticides. Biotechnology in agri-horticulture,
medicine and industry.
|
|
3.
|
Tissue
Systems : Origin, development, structure and function of primary and
secondary tissues.
|
|
4.
|
Plant
Diversity and Systematics : Structure and function of plant forms from
evolutionary aspects (viruses to Angiosperms including fossils).
Principles of nomenclature, classification and identification of plants.
Modern approaches in plant taxonomy. Recent classification of living
organism into three groups (bacteria, archaea and eukarya).
|
|
5.
|
Plant
Physiology: Water relations. Mineral nutrition. Photosynthesis.
Respiration. Nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes and coenzymes. Dynamics of
growth, growth movements, growth substances, photomorphogenesis. Secondary
metabolites. Isotopes in biological studies. Physiology of flowering.
|
|
6.
|
Methods
of Reproduction and Seed Biology : Vegetative, asexual and sexual
methods of reproduction. Pollination and fertilization. Sexual
incompatibility. Development, structure, dormancy and germination of seed.
|
|
7.
|
Plant
Pathology : Diseases of rice, wheat, sugarcane, potato, mustard,
groundnut and cotton crops. Factors affecting infection (host factors,
pathogen factors, biotic factors like rhizosphere and phyllosphere
organisms). Chemical, biological and genetic methods of disease control
(including transgenic plants).
|
|
8.
|
Plant
and Environment : Biotic and abiotic components. Ecological
adaptation. Types of vegetational zones and forests of
India
. Deforestation, afforestation, social forestry and plant introduction.
Soil erosion, wasteland, reclamation. Environmental pollution and its
control (including phytoremediation). Bioindicators. Global warming.
|
|
9.
|
Biodiversity,
Plant Genetic Resources: Methods of conservation of plant genetic
resources and its importance. Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD).
Endangered, threatened and endemic taxa. Role of cell/tissue culture in
propagation and enrichment of genetic diversity. Plants as sources of
food, fodder, forage, fibres, oils, drugs, wood and timber, paper, rubber,
beverages, spices, essential oils and resins, gums, dyes, insecticides,
pesticides and ornamentation. Biomass as a source of energy.
|
|
10.
|
Origin
of Life and Evolution: Basic concepts of origin of earth and origin of
life. Theories of organic evolution, molecular basis of evolution.
|
|
